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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - San Marino (2001)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z San Marino (2001)

 Arctic Ocean (2001)San Marino (2001)
 Arctic OceanSan Marino
Administrative divisions - 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Age structure - 0-14 years:
15.88% (male 2,241; female 2,100)

15-64 years:
67.94% (male 9,048; female 9,525)

65 years and over:
16.18% (male 1,902; female 2,520) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports - none
Area total:
14.056 million sq km

note:
includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies		 total:
61.2 sq km

land:
61.2 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. The third smallest state in Europe (after The Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate - 10.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$400 million

expenditures:
$400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital - San Marino
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline 45,389 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name - conventional long form:
Republic of San Marino

conventional short form:
San Marino

local long form:
Repubblica di San Marino

local short form:
San Marino
Currency - Italian lira (ITL); euro (EUR)
Death rate - 7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US - the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US - San Marino does not have an embassy in the US

honorary consulate(s) general:
Washington, DC, and New York

honorary consulate(s):
Detroit
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption - NA kWh
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh

note:
electric power supplied by Italy (1999)
Electricity - imports - NA kWh

note:
electricity supplied by Italy
Electricity - production - NA kWh
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m

highest point:
sea level 0 m		 lowest point:
Torrente Ausa 55 m

highest point:
Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack NA
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution
Ethnic groups - Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates - euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April 2001-30 September 2001)

head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)

cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term

elections:
cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March 2001 (next to be held NA September 2001); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003)

election results:
Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA

note:
the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports - trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities - building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $860 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $32,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Highways - total:
220 km

paved:
220 km

unpaved:
0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities - wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Independence - 3 September 301
Industrial production growth rate - 6% (1997 est.)
Industries - tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate - 6.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.2% (2000)
International organization participation - CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force - 18,500 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation - services 60%, industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries - total:
39 km

border countries:
Italy 39 km
Land use - arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
83% (1993 est.)
Languages - Italian
Legal system - based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
81.23 years

male:
77.68 years

female:
85.1 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
96%

male:
97%

female:
95% (1976 est.)
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references Arctic Region Europe
Maritime claims - none (landlocked)
Military branches - Voluntary Military Force, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $700,000 (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Nationality - noun:
Sammarinese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Sammarinese
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May NA
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) building stone
Net migration rate - 11.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI]; San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population - 27,336 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 1.45% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) none
Radio broadcast stations - AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 16,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore
Religions - Roman Catholic
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.09 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
adequate connections

domestic:
automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

international:
connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use - 18,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 3,010 (1998)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) rugged mountains
Total fertility rate - 1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 3% (1999)
Waterways - none
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